Paths of an engaged scientist: “Living is dangerous”
Comment to Isaias Raw’s interview
Antonio Sapienza
Abstract: The commentaries will give the reader the chance to share the testimony of a living witness whom we feel compelled to admire for his humanitarian commitment to the quality of human life. The interview reveals chapters of the biography of an idealist and revolutionary man who turned himself into an experienced and realistic combatant.
Keywords: science; politics; ethics; socialism; public health.
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Dreaming psychoanalysis
Comment to Isaias Raw’s interview
Ana Rosa Chait Trachtenberg
Abstract: The author analyses the place of psychoanalysis in the world of knowledge: whether it is a science, an art, a technique etc. She favors the understanding of psychoanalysis considering its uniqueness and its revolutionary characteristic, as well as from a historical point of view as from the viewpoint of the clinical exercise, which prevents it from being placed among other fields of knowledge.
Keywords: science; revolution; dream; uniqueness; surprise.
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Should training analysis be maintained?
Luiz Meyer
Abstract: The article is initiated by touching upon some of the main issues approached by the author in his paper “Subservient analysis” (International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 2003, 84, 1241-1262), such as the division amongst groups of analysts, the ideological proselytism, the excessive concentration of power, the realist identification, the paranoid atmosphere and the pathological identifications that characterize the fucntioning of training analysis. He ends this portion with a citation by Kernberg regarding the toxic effects of the present training analysis system. In the second part, the author, based in a poem by Antonio Machado, proposes a model of analysis so as to highlight the disparity and opposition between the practice of tout court analysis and training analysis. The author ends by showing that training analysis is a historical production resulting from a political maneuver of the burocratical establishment which aimed to maintain and reproduce the functioning structure of the institution by immobilizing it.
Keywords: training analysis; institution; burocracy.
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Training analysis: an unsolved issue?
Aloysio Augusto d’Abreuy
Abstract: Initially there is an attempt to characterize psychoanalysis, defined and presented with different goals, which are coherent and up to an extent, complementary. The hazard of these being solely taken is pointed out. Training analysis’ peculiar aspects are discussed, such as: its regulation, the analyst’s relationship in the society he belongs to and its training function. Motivations that might lead to the seeking of training analysis are also at the core of considerations. A division into two different psychoanalysis is discussed – a special one, for candidates, and a normal one, for patients –, as well as the division between two classes of analysts. The existence of a group of analysts considered as an elite enables them the right to dictate rules and regulations, excluding the institution’s democratic participation as a whole. The author concludes by stating that, if the analysis of those who wish to become psychoanalysts is an essential part of their training, there is no way of escaping an analysis whether it is named as training analysis or not. However it is necessary to reformulate the criteria involving candidates’ analysis.
Keywords: training analysis; special analysis; normal analysis; ruled analysis; authoritarian analysis.
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From bastion to enactment: the “non-dream” in the theater of analysis
Roosevelt M. Smeke Cassorla
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to discuss models which express what occurs in the analytical situation. It demonstrate how the initial models, related to painting and sculpture, to history and archeology, develop into other models that indicate the relationship between two persons. The Baranger’s “analytical field” is thoroughly studied, with its obstructive baluarts, as basic knowledge for the comprehension of what is currently valued as intersubjectivity in psychoanalysis. It is discussed the container-contained model and the phenomenon of “recruitment”. From clinical material it is shown how these models are linked with the “enactment”, and the study of this concept evidences the importance of the visual image, the dream and “non-dream”, the “affective pictogram”, as privileged aspects for the comprehension and evolution of thought in the analytical process. Its importance leads to the proposal of the theater model as a metaphor of the analytical process. In it, the analyst and the patient both participate as characters and as co-authors of the scenes at the same time.
Keywords: bastion; enactment; analytical field; non-dream; models in psychoanalysis.
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Trust: the experience of confidence in the psychoanalytic treatment and in the cultural space
Luís Claudio Figueiredo
Abstract: There are social and psychic conditions that support the process of trust. The problem of trust can be dealt with in the field of the primary object as a condition of mental health. These are the theoretical and clinical contributions made by psychoanalysts like M. Balint, D. Winnicott and A. Green. Another source of knowledge on the theme is the interpretations of contemporary social and cultural life by Anthony Giddens and Anthony Elliot, among others. A special presentation is made of how the process of cure in psychoanalysis faces today the challenge of mistrust in the therapeutic relationship and of how mistrust is present in the diverse elements of the analytic setting in contemporary clinical psychoanalysis.
Keywords: trust; mistrust; risk; modernity; Balint; Winnicott; Green.
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The importance of Winnicott’s theory on communication for the construction of the ethical meaning of psychoanalysis
Nelson Ernesto Coelho Jr. e Karina Codeço Barone
Abstract: Winnicott’s theory on communication has a paradoxical dimension, as he points out that although the self enjoys communication it has as well a private core that is permanently non-communicating. The authenticity and liveliness of the therapeutic setting arise from the maintenance of this paradoxical balance between communicating and non-communicating on the psychoanalytical dialogue. The ethics of the psychoanalytic method lies on this paradoxical balance of communication.
Keywords: communication; Winnicott; ethics.
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Plans of memory and of observation lines of the nature of the mind
Thaís Helena Thomé Marques
Abstract: The author summons some observation lines to build the thread of the memory through clinical materials and to walk in search of the representation of some of the phenomena of the nature of the mind, understanding it as endowed with complexity to such point that, only for artifice of scientific order, the models, is possible to speak about their parts. Using mainly the formulations of Bion, she tries to express the interaction between the sense of existence and the sense of inexistence, both related to the lack. In the elaboration of those referential, she comes to the sense of potency and proposes an attempt of leaving of the dichotomy that they can suggest to assume the transience among them. Afterwards, she makes considerations around the perception of tracks of the presence and absence of objects, both mental ones and that happen in the base of the experiences of the emotional bond, relating them to those observations on the sense of existence and of inexistence linked to the lack.
Keywords: sense of existence; sense of inexistence; sense of potency; lack; absence; presence.
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Psychoanalytic process and thought: convergence of Bion and Matte-Blanco
Viviane Sprinz Mondrzak
Abstract: Using the convergence between Bion and Matte-Blanco, the author attempts to stress the view of the psychoanalytical method as promoter of expansion of the ability of the patient to think his emotional experiences. After a brief résumé of the ideas of both Bion and Matte-Blanco, certain points of congruence between the two are emphasised: the way of perceiving the range of phenomena observed by psychoanalysis, intuition as a method for observing this field, the feelings as the raw material for thinking, and the importance of the concept of infinity in psychoanalysis. The way in which the ideas of Matte-Blanco assist in the understanding of Bion’s propositions is highlighted. Following these correlations, the author discusses certain questions pertinent to the psychoanalytical method and proposes a model in which the analyst acts as a mediator/catalyst in the process of revision of the ways in which the patient has organized his emotional experiences and the theories constructed to support these hypotheses. Samples of clinical material are presented.
Keywords: psychoanalytic process; thinking; emotional experience; psychic pain; intuition; bi-logic.
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Hairs: from the ethology to the imaginary
Marina Trench de Oliveira
Abstract: The attendance of a child who had great attraction for hair led the author to do an investigation about such theme. It was gathered an amount of information about the hair’s function regarding the anatomical, biological and ethological aspects. It concluded that, having a phylogenic and ontological protecting role, the hair establishes a pre-conception of an object which contain us and keep us safe. The fact of the hair being a defense agent against several types of grief finds expression among several peoples’ costumes, in their remained myths and tales, in which the hair is pointed out. It also suggests breaking up grieves; manipulation as defense against persecutory sorrows; alopecy as expression of fear of losing an object of love and even as expression of defense against a risk of turning into “not-being”.
Keywords: reflex of apprehension; pre-conceptions; myths; sexual identity; primitive grieves.
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The analyst working: models and theory of technique in present time
Fred Busch
Abstract: The goal of insightfulness, rather than insight, is presented as central to a new way of thinking about psychoanalytic technique. It is based upon the author’s observation that what changes in psychoanalysis is not what patients think about, but rather how they think about what they think about. Several metaphors are presented that capture this new way of working.
Keywords: insight; insightfulness; psychoanalytic technique; self-observation; preconscious thinking.
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The adolescent discourse in analysis and the laceration of the transitional tissue: changing features of psychopathology in contemporary society
Vincenzo Bonaminio
Abstract: Three short clinical vignettes are reported to show, through the adolescent discourse, how a more or less extensive “laceration” of the transitional experience can be considered a source of psychic suffering and an origin of new form of “discontent with civilization” in contemporary society. As psychoanalysts, we should regard adolescence as one our privileged observatory, because of its function as a cultural link between generations: the new forms of civilization’s discontents disturb the structuring and functioning of psychic life, especially the processes of transformation and mediation, which are the most fragile and sensitive to the meta-psychic effects of intersubjectivity. As an observatory, adolescence gives us the chance to see, almost in real time, how rapid, overwhelming, transient and “ungraspable” are the changes in ways of thinking, of representing inner and external reality – how incipient and at the same time abortive they may be; it highlights aspects of “civilization’s discontents”, and along with these the “discontents” of the analyst who has to face them. Some issues are particularly focused on: the role of trauma and its impact on an ego which is “not prepared” to cope with what is not yet representable; the consequent undeveloped differentiation between reality and phantasy; the progressive legitimation of the “autistic auto-sensuousness” and the increase of “the autistic-mimetic psychic disturbances” as the mark of the age.
Keywords: adolescence; changes in psychopathology; transitional area; trauma; autistic defences.
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